Qhov kev qhia txuj ci system cov lus qhia ntawm cov ua kom muaj kev suav nrog thiab hws hauv av nplaum xuab zeb castings, nrog cov ntsiab lus meej mom thiab cov ntsiab lus tshaj lij. Hauv qab no yog tshuaj xyuas nwsQauv sau ntawv raug, Kev Tshaj Tawm, thiabCov qauv tsim kho, nrog rau cov lus qhia hloov kho rau cov chaw tseem ceeb:
I. Cov Qauv Lus & Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb
1. Mechanism thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev suav nrog
Tus thawj: "Lawv txoj kev tsim muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv molding, smelting txheej txheem thiab nchuav cov txheej txheem."
Lus ntuas: Ntxiv ib tsab xov xwm ua ntej tshaj plaws nouns rau kev ua raws cai:
"Lawv txoj kev tsim muaj feem cuam tshuam nrogtusPwm cov ntaub ntawv, cov txheej txheem smelting, thiab hliv cov txheej txheem. "
Tus thawj: "Quartz xuab zeb txhais, xws li bentonite) thiab ntxiv rau cov xuab zeb uas tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv qhov siab {} kub molten hlau, ua xuab zeb suav nrog."
Lus ntuas: Hloov "nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm" nrog ib qho kev kawm piav qhia meej:
"Quartz xuab zeb hais, khi (piv txwv li, bentonite), thiab ntxiv, thee hmoov (piv txwv li cov hmoov av clayThaum raughigh - kub} kub molten hlau, ua xuab zeb suav nrog. "
2. Cov ua rau thiab cov kev tshaj tawm ntawm pore qhov tsis xws luag
Tus thawj: "Porosity yog lub qhov nquag - yam tsis muaj xws li cov khoom, thiab nws tsim yog ze rau tiam, tsiv teb tsaws thiab rov qab los ntawm cov roj."
Lus ntuas: Siv cov qauv sib txuas thiab qhia meej "roj" hom:
"Porosity yog lub qhov nquag - yam tsis muaj xws li cov khoom, thiab nws tsim yog ze rau tiam, tsiv teb tsaws, thiab rov qab losgaseous impurities."
Tus thawj: "Yog tias cov av noo ntawm cov xuab zeb pwm tsis yog tswj tau kom raug, tus nqi ntawm cov roj tsim tawm yuav nce ntxiv."
Lus ntuas: Qhia kom meej "av noo" raws li cov dej noo cov ntsiab lus raug:
"Yog tusYauv cov ntsiab lusNtawm cov xuab zeb pwm tsis tau tswj kom raug, tus nqi ntawm cov roj tsim tawm yuav nce ntxiv. "
3. Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Tswj Xyuas
Tus thawj: "Txhim kho cov pouring system (xws li teeb tsa li slag lim nets thiab cov rooj vag khiav qeeb)"
Lus ntuas: Siv kev lag luam - Cov ntsiab lus txheem:
"Txhim kho cov kev kub siab (piv txwv li, txhim kho slag ntxiab thiab txais yuav tswj {{flow rolled gates)"
Ii. Kev Txhim Kho Cov Kev Txhim Kho
Xam Tsim Cov Mechanial
Piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xuab zeb suav nrog thiab tshuaj lom neeg suav:
"Cov xuab zeb suav tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov xuab zeb corrosion, thaum lub sij hawm refractory corrosion los ntawm refracted sluacion (piv txwv li), lossis tsis muaj kev sib cav sib ceg."
Pa Roj Porosity
Ntxiv cov thermodynamic cov ntsiab lus teb rau roj solubility:
"Raws li SieverT txoj cai, cov solubility ntawm n₂ nyob rau hauv molten de molten deasidation txaus, ua rau roj ua pa kom ua npuas thaum lub sijhawm ua sandolification."
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kho Mob
Txawm muaj pes tsawg tus txheej txheem uas ua tau:
"Tswj cov xuab zeb pwm noo noo hauv qab 4-6% thiab hliv qhov kub 50-80℃saum toj no qhov ntsuas kub tau zoo txo cov roj teeb tsis zoo."
III. Kev txhim kho qauv
1. Subheading xwm yeem
Cov qub submheadings: "1. Mechanism thiab qhov chaw ntawm suav nrog", "2. Cov laj thawj thiab kev hais tawm txoj kev ntawm pore qhov tsis xws"
Hloov dua: Siv cov lus siv sib txuas rau kev paub meej:
"1. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm suav nrog", "2.
2. Logical Flow
Ntxiv ib kab lus hloov pauv ntawm "ua rau" thiab "kev tswj hwm":
"Kev sib cuam tshuam nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv molding, ua tus cwj pwm hauv molten ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm ntau. Cov tswv yim hauv qab no ua rau pom cov hauv paus hauv paus
3. Xaus Lub Zog
Hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem sib xyaw:
"Hauv cov ntsiab lus, suav nrog thiab cov pa porosity hauv av xuab zeb nrum (piv txwv li, cov qauv tsim kho kom zoo dua qub), thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo dua qub)."
IV. Kho Dua Tshiab (Tshooj Tseem)
2. Tsim kev ua tshuab thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov pa porosity
Porosity, ib lub qhov thaiv lub qhov - yam tsis xws hauv cov khoom siv, qia los ntawm kev nkag ntawm gaseous impurities thaum salicification. Tus kws tshuab yuav muaj peb theem:Roj Ntau Lawm, tsiv teb tsaws, thiabua kom nyob ruaj khov.
Cov Khoom Siv Roj:
Pwm / Tub Ntxhais Xuab Zeb: Moisture (e.g., bound water in bentonite) and organic additives (e.g., starch) decompose at high temperatures, releasing H₂O, CO₂, and H₂. For example, bentonite loses crystalline water above 500°C, reacting with molten metal to form H₂. Excessive sand moisture (>6%) exacerbates roj hloov roj.
Molten Kev nqus Hlau Av: Thaum smelting, molten hlau nqus ₂ thiab n₂ los ntawm huab cua. Hauv cupola cub hluav taws, n₂ solubility nce nrog ntsuas kub; Yog tias tsis muaj kev deoxidation txaus (piv txwv li, siv zawj wer {} si alloys precipitates li npuas thaum lub sij hawm txias (siever txoj cai).
Entrapment mechanisms:
Tsis muaj kev cog lus: Zoo xuab zeb partle (<75 μm) or excessive compaction (e.g., >90% ceev) txo cov pwm pwm pulkability, cuab roj av roj. Thaiv cov tub ntxhais vents los yog txhaws parting parting nto zuaj ntxiv khiav tawm.
Qhov mob thermal: Tsis txhob nchuav kub (<1350°C for gray iron) reduce melt fluidity, preventing gas 上浮 (flotation). Rapid solidification traps gas as dispersed pores or surface blowholes.
V. Kawg cov lus pom zoo
COLORT Kev Lag Luam Cov Qauv rau Litinology(xws li, "gating system" thiab "pouring system").
Sau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau(piv txwv li, cov duab ua liaj ua teb xuab zeb, huab cua sov) kom muaj zog ntxiv dag zog.
Siv daim duab(piv txwv li, schematic ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, suav nrog tsim) los ua tiav cov ntawv nyeem, txawm hais tias qhov no dhau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm yog qhov uas qhuas; Cov khoom siv no yuav txhim kho nws cov ntaub ntawv rigor thiab cov tau nyeem tau rau cov neeg mloog argineer.
